CA Bhuvnesh Goyal

The Articles of Association (AoA) is a fundamental document that defines a company’s nature, purpose, and operational framework. Along with the Memorandum of Association, it constitutes the company’s legal foundation. The AoA must be submitted at the time of incorporation and outlines the responsibilities of directors, the type of business the company will undertake, and […]

The Doctrine of Constructive Notice is a fundamental principle in company law that places an obligation on individuals and entities dealing with a company to be aware of its Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Articles of Association (AOA). These documents, once registered with the Registrar of Companies (RoC), become public documents and can be accessed

In corporate law, legal doctrines play a crucial role in defining the relationship between companies and those who deal with them. Two fundamental principles in this domain are the Doctrine of Constructive Notice and the Doctrine of Indoor Management. While the Doctrine of Constructive Notice protects companies by assuming that outsiders are aware of the

This article has been written by CA Bhuvnesh Goyal. This article provides a detailed analysis and understanding of provisions and laws related to “Reduction of Share Capital” Section 66 of the Companies Act, 2013 deals with the reduction of share capital by companies and applies to companies limited by shares or guarantee with share capital.

This article has been written by CA Bhuvnesh Goyal. This article provides a detailed analysis and understanding of provisions and laws related to “Unlimited Company to Provide for Reserve Share Capital on Conversion into Limited Company” Section 65 of the Companies Act, 2013 provides for registration of an unlimited company as a limited company under the Act