March 25, 2025

The Articles of Association (AoA) is a fundamental document that defines a company’s nature, purpose, and operational framework. Along with the Memorandum of Association, it constitutes the company’s legal foundation. The AoA must be submitted at the time of incorporation and outlines the responsibilities of directors, the type of business the company will undertake, and

The Doctrine of Constructive Notice is a fundamental principle in company law that places an obligation on individuals and entities dealing with a company to be aware of its Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Articles of Association (AOA). These documents, once registered with the Registrar of Companies (RoC), become public documents and can be accessed

In corporate law, legal doctrines play a crucial role in defining the relationship between companies and those who deal with them. Two fundamental principles in this domain are the Doctrine of Constructive Notice and the Doctrine of Indoor Management. While the Doctrine of Constructive Notice protects companies by assuming that outsiders are aware of the